Job versus Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Job versus Business - Essay Example Risk in establishing a business is just as great as are the opportunities associated with it. It is quite normal for a business to bring results contrary to the expectations of the owner. Success of a business fundamentally depends upon an individual’s luck. Nevertheless, if risks have been adequately assessed and catered for in the start and the business owner is able to make informed decisions as per the need of the hour, business provides an individual with much more benefits than job. A businessman does not wake up in the morning because he/she will be fined if he/she gets late or does not reach the office in time. Instead, the businessman feels a sense of responsibility to wake up and reach the office in time so that activities go as per the schedule. There is a great difference between the two conditions. In the former, there is fear of accountability whereas in the latter, there is sense of responsibility. Ownership of a business enables an individual to live the life o f a king whereas in a job, an individual’s condition is hardly different from a servant in practical terms. While running a business, one establishes one’s own rules for the others to follow, whereas in the job, one has to follow the rules established by the employer whether or not one finds them right. In the capacity of the owner of a business, one takes decisions that affect others while in the job, others’ decisions affect one. Lack of decision making power in the job does not provide an individual with sufficient room for intellectual growth in the profession. â€Å"You want to leave your mark on the world and change something. Running your own business enables you to do this to a greater extent than you could as an employee† (Robert Ashton, 2010). In addition to that, one can also decide to get rid of bad employees in the business but not in the job. A lot of women employees have to continue working for salary with the colleagues who harass them sex ually (Chaudhuri, 2006). They are not in the position to expel such colleagues from job because they are not business owners. The biggest advantage that business offers in comparison to the job is that it provides an individual with the opportunity to gain maximum benefit of his/her efforts. One may have to exert many times more in the job as compared to the exertion in a business, and yet, the reward in the job is many times less than what one gets in a business. In an attempt to impress the employer so that he would make slight addition to the current salary of the worker, the worker tends to work beyond the official duty hours and yet, there is little realization on the part of the employer in a vast majority of cases. Even if the employer does realize, there is little guarantee that he will appreciate the worker in terms of increment in the salary. After a whole year of extra work, the worker may have a 2 to 5 per cent increment in the salary upon the review of performance. On t he other hand, all profit made from the business becomes the property of the businessman. After one project, when the salaries of all staff have been paid, the business owner is left with an amount that he/she can not assemble after several projects as an employee. In addition to that, there is no retiring in business unlike job. â€Å"Let's say you join a company, degree in hand, at entry level. You move up the ladder for fifteen, twenty, even twenty-five years. Now you're a

Truth in painting - The kinds of meaning Assignment

Truth in painting - The kinds of meaning - Assignment Example The purpose of the paper "Truth in painting - The kinds of meaning" is to determine the kinds of meaning made possible by perspective in paintings. The perspectival systems which developed during the following period of Renaissance brought about a contrasting portrayal of space along with the â€Å"illusionistic presentation of objects†. The modern concept of perspective is considered to be a formal and defined branch of mathematics, emerging from Cartesian and Euclidean geometry. It is stated to be â€Å"meaningless† since this perspective refers to equations, and geometric functions such as lines, angles and points. The second perspective has great meaning, encompassing subjectivity, eternity and other concepts, as evidenced in various academic domains. This perspective which Elkins terms as â€Å"metaphorical perspective† is not in a complicated graphic or related to equations. It is the common type of perspective with which people view the world, and understa nd themselves as viewing subjects. The most common manifestation is the linear perspective. In this type, â€Å"all parallel lines or surface edges converge on one, two or three vanishing points located with reference to the eye-level of the viewer†. Linear perspective clearly defines a physical point of view, showing the â€Å"location, vantage and orientation of the viewer†. Linear perspective is one of the significant innovations of European art, with a great impact on the visual arts in the west from the 15th to the 19th centuries. Perspective provides perception.

Write-Up on the Negotiation of Teachers’ Association with Board of Education Essay Example for Free

Write-Up on the Negotiation of Teachers’ Association with Board of Education Essay Negotiation is a process of entering into dialogues which are intended (i) to resolve disputes, (ii) to produce an agreement upon courses of action, (iii) to bargain for individual or collective advantage, or (iv) to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests. The essence of negotiation in this case therefore is to bargain for individual or collective advantage.   We, the Teachers’ Association appeared before the Board of Education for a negotiation on workload and benefits and this write-up presents the salient points discussed and finalized during the negotiation process. 1. Workload Workload section is usually a less important area that our association would care to negotiate. Therefore we agreed for the proposal of 51 layoffs at Day 1 on the hope of getting a better deal in other terms of negotiation. It was our thinking that normally teachers will be required to work extra hours so that they can take better care of students as it was expected of us. Therefore, it is thought reasonable to accept their proposal of increasing 55 minutes of working per day. Similarly we accepted their offer of reduction in â€Å"prep† time so that teachers will be able to adjust their own time efficiently. Thus we can say that the negotiation process for issues relating to workload went on very well without any hard arguments or hesitation on either side. Although we were made to give up on some points, the Board of Education was ready to accept our offers on duty-free time and emergency assignments by Board. Our strategy in this section was to align our interests with those of the Board so that we both could figure out the best ways to achieve best results. We understood their true interest in changing the teacher/student ratio from 32:1 to 37:1 so that they could solve their primary problem. During the negotiation in this area, both the Teachers’ Association and the Board of Education were very much willing to work together. It was not the case that the other party in the process of integrating the strategies expected big and very important concessions from our side. 2. Benefits As compared to the workload section, the negotiation process for the benefits section was tougher. In fact it was necessary to have two short breaks during the negotiation to clear the air as there were heated arguments and discussions. The Teachers’ Association was looking for good results out of this negotiation to make teachers feel better and to bring more actual calculated cost benefits to the teachers for their hard work. We also knew that the concession from our side will pay off the deficits from the side of the Board of Education. The Board even though tried to solve their main problem, was not willing to accept our proposals without arguments. They presented their arguments and points very strongly. Therefore we had to adopt an assertive strategy to strongly present our proposals. We stood our ground and presented our standpoints more strongly and at no point of time we were willing to accept their offer. Although, it took more than 30 minutes for reaching an agreement, finally they accepted all of our proposals except the offer on childbirth leave. To reach an agreement on the childbirth leave, the Board of education had to reveal their bottom line with cost calculation. On the basis of the exact data of the costs required to fulfill the childbirth leave benefit, both the sides could find an agreeable point. In the whole negotiation process the Teachers’ Association showed the Board the precise interests of our side with an assertive strategy and the Board of Education extended their cooperation with their honesty.

Humor as a Form of Cultural Expression Essay -- Culture

Humor as a Form of Cultural Expression How can one look at a culture and understand its origins, its values, its accomplishments and failures? Through art, poetry, or other literary, or scientific advances? Maybe even in its political standpoints? All of these methods are acceptable. There is one I did not mention in the above list however. It can be considered trivial by some, but I think it is also important. Perhaps we can understand a culture by its humor. Even on the surface the jokes of a country generally reflect its habitat, attitude, and its people. In the US for instance, most jokes you hear on late-night television would probably be political ones, bashing this political figure or the next. Why is this so? Perhaps because Americans have strong feelings about the politics in their country, and have the right of free speech. Because of the former the jokes come about, and because of the latter they are aired on national television. As for reflecting the environment, another popular collection of American jokes usually starts with the words â€Å"A guy walks into a bar ...† Just by looking at this â€Å"prefix† we can see that many Americans spend a lot of time in bars. Thus we see the usual â€Å"environment† of all important occurrences in the daily life of an American. In the USSR, most jokes would take place in a store or marketplace, because that is where people spent most of their time -- waiting in line s. A joke is as much of a national expression as folk stories, tales and legends. Except those three talk about past times, and the joke is current. I originally come from the former Soviet Union, and there the joke was an even more popular media than television, art or books. It was not censored by the government, whi... ...es in both cultures. For example : â€Å"In the meat department of a supermarket, a customer is asking : ‘Don’t you have any fish?’ The reply is : ‘No. We don’t have any meat. They don’t have fish in aisle 7’.† This type of joke would not travel very far in the US because not many people would understand it. It was much more effective when there actually was no fish or meat in the stores at the time I heard it. You wouldn’t have this problem in the US (unless there was some terrible war or another such calamity). This joke never came about in the US. It (hopefully) never will. What’s more, it doesn’t catch on, because it takes special conditions to understand this type of sarcasm. They are funny. At times also sad. But jokes have to get credit for the benefit, and insight they can provide. We cannot overlook them. But on the other hand, don’t take it too seriously.

What I Have Learned in This Course

I have learned a great deal in this course in relation to writing argumentative essays. There is much research involved, as well as objectivity to the position taken on a particular subject. These are, what I have learned, to be the two most important factors in the preparation for a paper. A writer must look at all possible arguments to support his or her position and make this very concise in the thesis statement in the first paragraph of the work. Similarly, one must look at any counterarguments that could arise from the thesis and explore these, as well. All of this research must be done before the paper is written and woven in the supporting paragraphs in the piece. Of equal importance is taking a professional stance on the position/thesis and not an emotionally-driven stance. Using â€Å"I† statements is unacceptable, such as stating â€Å"I think that this is the best policy†¦ †, for instance. Conclusions must come from extensive data review and demonstrate an extremely objective, yet clear stance on the subject from beginning to end. All supporting paragraphs, after the introductory paragraph, that includes the thesis and main points that support it, should be filled with explanatory data to provide cause for the writer’s position. After these arguments (supported by other research) are presented, then counterarguments should be noted. Having not only an literature review before beginning a paper, but, also, an outline with supporting arguments for the position and counter claims to the position with a response to them will make this portion of the argumentative paper easier and is extremely beneficial to the first draft of the work. It is standard in a shorter essay to use four supporting paragraphs that all flow consistently from paragraph to paragraph and a conclusion that does not introduce new facts, but highlights the importance of the writer’s previous information in this final paragraph. This final paragraph should not simply reiterate everything that is already written, but restate the main points and help further support the important stance taken on an issue. This â€Å"wrap-up† of the paper should leave no doubt in the reader’s mind as to exactly what the writer intends the reader to absorb and the importance of the issue to that reader. If further writing and research on the subject is planned, the final paragraph should indicate this. As many times, a short argumentative essay may evolve into a larger research project. After compiling the research, the outline, and then the first draft of the essay, a writer must then review the work and make any needed changes to the paper. Grammatical errors should be corrected, as well as any language that is unclear and may confuse the reader. These essays must be very precise and to the point, so they may involve more than one revision to make a great final paper. I have, also, learned to ask for help involving feedback and constructive criticism, to help understand how another person views my essay. I have learned so much in this class involving this topic and realize that if I follow these â€Å"rules† of writing I can create a great paper. It was hard for me personally, to ask for help, but learned that that is one of the best ways to learn more about how to be a better writer, listener, and student.

Five 600 Word Essays On Business (Property) Skills - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3923 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Five 600 word essays on business (Property) skills 1. A Short essay (600 words) on commercial property leases explaining: â€Å"The most important points to note in a commercial lease†. (this is designed to develop your understanding of commercial property leases). The first quality which should be present in any commercial property lease is synergy between the purposes permitted under the terms of the lease, (or that for which it has been used for ten years), and the planning permission which pertains to the property. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Five 600 Word Essays On Business (Property) Skills" essay for you Create order The landlord should be able to prove the appropriate planning permission exists, whilst the tenant will be liable for bringing the premises into a state compliant with any contingent planning requirements, i.e. those introduced during the lifetime of the lease. (Freedman and Steele 1998: p.119) Considering the contemporary trends towards environmental control and improvement, this is no small consideration. The differences between a new lease and an existing lease should also be considered: generally speaking, a completely new lease is likely to generate less costs, fewer complications, and be contingent upon a shorter timeframe than an existing one. Further to this, the issues arising out of Security of Tenure must be carefully weighed: basically, this will determine whether or not the tenant will have the automatic right to a new lease when the existing one expires. The 1954 Landlord and Tenant Act prescribes protection for the tenant on satisfaction of the relevant conditio ns, i.e., à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ There must be a tenancy in the legally defined sense of that status à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" not a licence. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The tenant must occupy at least part of the leased premises. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Any such occupation must be, at least in part, for the purposes of the tenants business, as prescribed by the lease. However, if such occupation is only partial, the effect of this will be to limit the tenants new tenancy rights to those specific parts of the premises. (Lamont et al. 2005: p.4). The tenant also has to consider the intensity, i.e. the continuity of their use of the premises: if the latter is not constant, they may be obliged to prove unbroken use through a prescribed legal test. (Lamont et al., 2005: p.14). The conventional commercial issues will also need to be considered, i.e. the length of the lease, the rent, whether or not a rent bond or guarantor is required, and whether or not Value Added Tax is chargeable on it. This will depend up on whether or not the landlord has elected to waive VAT exemption, in agreement with HMRC. (Freedman and Steele 1998: p.33) Other key issues include responsibility for insurance(s), the presence of a break clause allowing the landlord an early cessation of the lease, whether or not the premises may be underlet, and the intervals of any integral rent reviews. All of these sub-considerations need to be weighed carefully against the tenants future plans: for example, a clause permitting the user the assignation or subletting the premises does not completely absolve them from reference to the landlord. They may still be entitled to withhold their consent, even if the core purpose of the sub-lessee is in keeping with the original terms of the lease. (Freedman and Steele 1998: p.116) The prospective tenant may need to pursue incorporation of the appropriate Schedule of Condition, taking into consideration any existing issues with the maintenance of the property: this is the mea ns of avoiding the responsibilities contingent upon a full repairing lease. This is, in itself, insufficient to ensure that all future maintenance liabilities are avoided, as they may also be incorporate into service charge clauses. It should also be borne in mind that, as long as they have complied with the regulations on the preconditions of liability, a landlord may be able to commute service charges into additional rent, and pursue recovery in the usual manner, i.e. through the courts. (Freedman and Steele 1998: p.50) As a tenant, you must also establish if the property provides you with everything you require in its unaltered state, or allow you the facility of making such changes as you may consider necessary, i.e. through variations or licenses to alter within the lease? Yielding Up covenants may require that anything added to the premises during the lease is either left in place, or removed: either contingency may involve additional losses for the tenant. (Freedman and Steele 1998: p.103). 2. A Short essay (600 words) outlining the various approaches to Alternative Dispute Resolution and a reflection on its advantages in todays UK market. (This is designed to assess your understanding of the range of methods available for resolving property disputes). In discussing the various approaches possible within Alternative Dispute Resolution in the UK, it is first necessary to recognise the framework and developments which have informed the contemporary arrangements. The market for ADR services was prompted by the desire for or necessity of avoiding formal litigation. As such, the associated frameworks were given additional definition by the Civil Procedure Rules of 1998, as a result of which, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ADR was specifically recognised for the first time at the heart of civil justice procedure, as a tool of active case managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Mackie et al 2007: p.4). Through this means, ADR accrued much of its value to end users, in terms of cost reduction, flexibility, and timescale of operation. However, it should also be borne in mind that this same flexibility is reflected in the diffuse, protean, and comparatively informal or unstructured nature of many of the available ADR options: as Mackie et al. express it, there are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦many ways of defining ADR. (2007: p.8). The more prominent may be identified asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mediation, or a structured dispute resolution procedure, incorporating third parties, without a legally binding resolution, i.e. (Mackie et al. 2007: p.8). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Evaluative Processes, such as Early Neutral Evaluation (ENE), Judicial Appraisal, or Expert Opinion: all of these are designed to clarify the issues involved at an early stage, and, if they cannot provide resolution, offer initial indication(s) of the likely outcome(s) of any further processes. (Mackie et al. 2007: p.13). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Adjudicative Processes, ranging from the non-binding judgments of third parties, the use of applicable Ombudsman schemes, (to which both parties in the dispute agree), through to actual litigation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hybrid Processes, i.e., Executive Tribunals, Mini-Trials, and Med-Arb. As Mackie et al. explain, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Arb-Med may also be attempted, where the third party makes an arbitral decision but keeps it in a sealed envelope while switching to mediation, only revealing the decision if the mediation does not result in settlement. (Mackie 2007: p.14). The nature of ADR with specific regard to property continues to evolve in proportion to the demands of the market, and the established precedents. For example, the repetition of similar kinds of disputes under Mobile Homes Act 1983 has led to their transfer to the Residential Property Tribunals as of April 2010. The intermediate status of the latter is illustrated by the fact that its decisions imply no enforcement powers: instead, possible contingent actions through the County Courts are at the discretion of the plaintiff party. As the convening Tribunal Service itself explains regarding its sub-committees, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they are quasi-judicial bodies, which means that housing legislation has given them the powers to settle some disputes which wou ld otherwise have to be dealt with by the Courts. They provide an easier and generally cheaper alternative to the Court system. (Residential Property Tribunal Service 2009). In conclusion then, the advantages of ADR in the contemporary market may be regarded as those ofà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cost: considerably lower, in comparative terms, than those of litigation. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Timeframe: shorter and considerably more flexible than those implied by involvement with the courts. This may be a major issue for parties involved in commercial, i.e. income-contingent outcomes. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Control: in ADR, both parties have the facility of involvement and intervention in the process, rather than being locked into the pre-defined procedures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and outcomes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" of formal court proceedings. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Damage Limitation: the adversarial nature of litigation may permanently destroy relationships between parties which might otherwise b een of commercial value in the future. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Self-Determination: both parties have the possibility of helping to construct creative and flexible solutions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Confidentiality: the proceedings of a court hearing are a matter of public record, so sensitive commercial details cannot be protected. 3. A Short essay (600 words) identifying the nature of professional ethics together with examples of instances where these might be compromised. Include comment on problems outlined by speaker. Include a reflection as to how standards and attitudes have changed over the past 50 years. (This is designed to test your IT skills and to develop a sense of ethical standards and consumer protection). Any reflection upon professional ethics undertaken at present, it is fair to argue, has to take account of two intersecting and conflicting pressures. In the first instance, there are the growing pressures for commercial organisations to act within the boundaries of corporate social responsibility and sustainability. In the second instance, there are the more recent developments to consider, i.e. the pressure for organisations and individuals to return to older protocols of profit maximization in the face of a recessionary downturn. When these two factors are combined, it becomes apparent that there are no simple answers as to what constitutes an appropriate system of professional ethics; in fact, it is likely that the definition would vary widely, depending on who was asked to provide it. There can be no question about the fact that the bar has been raised immeasurably in terms of ethical expectations over the last fifty years. The number of FTSE 100 companies who publish their own standalone corporate responsibility reports continues to rise, indicating that professional ethics must not only be exercised à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but be seen to be exercised. (Brewster 2007). In addition, organisations in sectors tinged by ethical lapses have begun to appoint ethics officers, both as a source of in-house expertise, and stakeholder reassurance. (Arnold 2007). Unfortunately, it is also the case that catastrophic ethical failures remain a feature of the corporate landscape, and in fact have become even more damaging. As Rosenthal indicates, these frequently extend to agencies who are responsible for the maintenance of standards. (Rosenthal 2007). However, if the history of ethical attitudes tells us anything of which we may be certain, it is that such attitudes are subject to constant change. As Conroy and Emerson point out, ethical attitudes have followed cyclical patterns, varying slightly from longer term trends, in a manner similar to the economy it self. Within this, attitudes are alternately decreasing, increasing, or changing in terms of their tolerance of un-ethical behaviour. (Conroy and Emerson 2008: p.907). In the present environment, it remains to be seen which side of the ethical equation dominant attitudes will support, i.e., the continual raising of standards, or a return to earlier protocols, such as caveat emptor. As Vickers has argued, it is likely that any new thesis will be followed, inevitably, by an antithesis, in ethical terms. (Vickers 2005). It remains the case that professionals themselves, operating within real organisations and real business pressures, must themselves deliberate between all of the theoretical ethical models available to them. Altman, for example, is clear on the fact that, in terms of Kantian ethics, a corporation, or its officers, should have no other responsibilities than the raising of shareholder value. (Altman 2007: p.261). Fisher and Lovell meanwhile remind us that there a re two basic categories of ethics: the Consequentialist, and the Non-Consequentialist. In the former, the ethical quality of any action is judged through its outcome; in the latter, the action is judged on its own virtues or merits. (Fisher and Lovell, 2006: p.101). If a Consequentialist position is taken, then the individual must decide whether to pursue the general good, such as the best median outcome for the whole of society, or simply a good, such as the best business outcome for their organisation, regardless of the wider societal repercussions. (Fisher and Lovell 2006: p.131) However, if a Non-Consequentialist position is adopted, then the professional must act according to whatever Virtue ethics demands, i.e., judge what is right or wrong from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦predetermined principles and standardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, regardless of the outcome. (Fisher and Lovell 2006: p.101). Ultimately, each professional practitioner and organisation must balance their own priorities and p erspectives somewhere within this nexus of possibilities, judging what is right for their businesses and society as a whole. 4. A short essay (600 words) titled The Current Property Market in the UK and Europe. Although it can justly claim to be the victim of forces beyond its control, the property industry in the UK and Europe is not entirely blameless with regard to the current malaise of the market. Before the collapse of the US sub-prime market, the European market for mortgage backed securities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" dominated by the UK, was starting to see issues with securitisations amongst non-prime creditors, for example in the buy-to-let sector. (Davies 2006). Halifax Bank of Scotland alone successfully marketed  £500 million worth of mortgage-backed bonds during 2008. (Davies and Croft 2008). More realistic lending practices and revenue expectations now appear prevalent: as Johnson reports, the average gross loan-to-value ratio was 24.1 per cent during 2009, down from 29.8 per cent in the previous year. (Johnson 2010). It remains debatable, however, whether property values or industry practices yet reflect a more sustainable outlook across the sector. As many analyst s have indicated, current property prices are being maintained by two intersecting factors: a low rate of supply, and commensurately low interest rates. However, upward adjustments of the latter will, in all probability, place downward pressure on overall prices. (Leunig et al. 2010). Predicting the final trajectory of asking prices in the immediate future will also depend upon what happens to real disposable incomes, and in this respect, the portents are less than healthy. Although asking prices may begin to rise, it may also be the case that, with less money in general circulation, there will be a flattening out of historical trends in price-earnings ratios, and the cost of property will actually fall in real terms. The lenders preferred solution to this kind of impasse, i.e. the offering of ever higher loan to earnings ratios, may no longer be available: even though some banks are again offering six times salary advances, a return to the days of eight-multiple products appe ars unlikely. (Leunig et al. 2010). Meanwhile, large property companies, such as Great Portland Estates, are seeing the effects of a UK recovery gradually appearing on their balance sheets: the latters  £1.2 billion portfolio saw an 8.7 per cent rise during the final three months of 2009, the best quarterly return for the company in three years. This has facilitated an 11.6 per cent growth in net asset value per share to 251 pence, whilst new purchases in the final quarter of 2009 have already accrued a 14.4 per cent increase in value, or 9.5 per cent net of costs. (Thomas 2010). Despite such successes notably in the capital and other select, higher value enclaves, the overall picture is a more complex one, with divergent trends and contrasting future prospects. For example, according to the IPD monthly property index, the UK commercial property market realized total returns of 22.2 per cent during 2009. (Thomas 2010) However, this encouraging statistic masks sig nificant regional and sectoral differences in fortunes, of which the situation in retail property furnishes but one example. According to DTZ, one fifth of all UK shopping developments, with a combined tag of  £10.1 billion, is currently at risk of defaulting on credit agreements, due to a combination of falling earnings and values. (Thomas 2010). In fact, DTZs Mark Williams asserts that a mere one hundred of the UKs eight hundred and forty retail developments could currently be regarded as prime in real estate terms: he attributes this to a huge overhang of poorer quality centres à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a legacy of the 1980s boom in development. With their twenty year leases nearing expiry, and outdated facilities becoming less attractive to hard-pressed retailers, their prospects are diminishing. (Thomas 2010) This situation exemplifies a number of similar situations in sub-sectors of the property market, where value and demand differ wildly: as Thomas expresses it in the Financial Times. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦There is a large and growing gap between the so-called secondary or tertiary real estate that fills the towns and urban areas of the UK, and the prime stock of well-located modern property producing income on a long lease that is the exception, rather than the norm. (Thomas 2010). 5. A short essay (600 words) explaining the basic principles of negotiation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" getting to yes. (IT skills again à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" otherwise hopefully self-explanatory). The idea that there are principles which may be aggregated together to form a best practice within negotiation is one forwarded by commentators such as Fisher, Ury, and Patton in Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving in, (1983). This in turn is predicated upon the ideas of principled negotiation as developed by the Harvard Negotiation Project. (Fisher et al. 1983: p.xii). The collective trope which draws the principles together lays in the idea that purely positional negotiation, i.e. that conducted through the definition and defence of ones own position, is ultimately a poor negotiating technique, and one likely to be counterproductive: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦As more attention is paid to positions, less attention is devoted to meeting the underlying concerns of the partiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, and consequently, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Any agreement reached may reflect a mechanical splitting of the difference between final positions rather than a solution carefully crafted to meet t he legitimate interests of the parties. ((Fisher et al. 1983: p.5). The subsequent principles set out the means to avoid such a scenario throughà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Separating the people from the problem. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Focusing on interests rather than positions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The invention of options for mutual gain. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The establishment of objective criteria. The separation of the people from the problem does not quite equate to the depersonalizing of the negotiating process: rather, it implies application of the appropriate relationship management skills. In simple terms, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦If negotiators view themselves as adversaries in a personal face-to-face confrontation, it is difficult to separate their relationship from the substantive problem. (Fisher et al. 1983: p.39). However, the exclusion of personal animosity is only part of this principle. The rest is composed of consciously maintaining the appropriate emotional responses, of und erstanding all of the related perceptions, the development of a relationship, and above all, the establishment of some degree of trust. As J.S. Mill proposed, somebody who knows only their own side of any debate or negotiation, knows little enough of that. (Mill 1843 Ch.2) In other words, achieving a negotiated solution relies upon the understanding of why and how the others position was established. This leads into the next principle of negotiation, i.e. the need to focus on interests, rather than positions. Once the elements which are constructive of the other partys position are understood and disaggregated, it is far more feasible to reach point of mutual agreement. As Fisher et al. point out, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Fighting hard on the substantive issues increases the pressure for an effective solution; giving support to the human beings on the other side tends to improve your relationship and to increase the likelihood of reaching agreement. (Fisher et al. 1983: p.57). It is also the case that the clarification of issues is supportive of the next stage in the process, i.e. the invention of options for mutual gain. This involves considering the issues holistically and creatively, assembling all of the objective third party perspectives which might have some bearing, and, where expedient, involving a detached intermediary to assist in the facilitation of the negotiating process. The fruition of these cumulative stages lays in the establishment of objective criteria through which agreement can be reached. By this stage, any emotional stand-off should have been neutralized, so that the participants know they are discussing issues, rather than their respective personalities: moreover, the real issues have been identified, and unhelpful or generalized positions have been deconstructed. Any unnecessary pressure or compulsion should also have been qualified out of the scenario, leaving only the most desirable and achievable solutions to suggest themsel ves. As Fisher et al. conclude, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Shifting discussion in a negotiation from the question of what the other side is willing to do to the question of how the matter ought to be decided does not end the argument, nor does it guarantee a favourable result. It does, however, provide a strategy you can vigorously pursue without the high costs of positional bargaining. (Fisher et al. 1983: p.96). 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Red King Crab Facts and Identification

They are the biggest and most sought-after shellfish in Alaska. What are they? Red king crab. Red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus)  is one of several king crab species. They entice fishers and seafood consumers with their snow-white (edged by red), flavorful meat. If youre a fan of reality TV, you might be familiar with red king crab, as they are one of two species (along with snow, or opilio crab) fished on Deadliest Catch. What Do King Crabs Look Like? As youd probably guess from the name, red king crab have a reddish carapace that can vary from brownish to dark red or burgundy. They are covered in sharp spines. These are the largest crab in Alaska. Since they dont expend as much energy in reproduction, males can grow much larger than females. Females can weigh up to about 10.5 pounds. The largest male on record weighed 24 pounds and had a leg span of about 5 feet.   These crabs have three pairs of legs used for walking and two claws. One claw is larger than the other and is used for crushing prey.   While it may not be apparent, these crabs are descended from hermit crab ancestors. Like hermit crabs, a red king crabs back end is twisted to one side (more drastically in hermit crabs, so they can fit into the gastropod shells that provide their shelter), they have one claw larger than the other, and their walking legs all point backward.   How Do You Distinguish Male King Crabs from Females? How do you tell males from females? There is one easy way: To keep crab populations healthy, only male red king crabs can be harvested, so if youre eating a king crab, it is most likely a male. In addition to size differences, males can be distinguished from females by the flap on their underside, which is triangular in males and rounded in females (this flap is larger in females because it is used to carry eggs).   Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaSubphylum: CrustaceaClass: MalacostracaOrder: DecapodaFamily: LithodidaeGenus: ParalithodesSpecies: P. camtschaticus Where Do Red King Crabs Live? Red king crabs are a cold water species native to the Pacific Ocean, although they were also intentionally introduced into the Barents Sea 200. In the Pacific Ocean, they are found from Alaska to British Columbia and Russia to Japan. They are usually found in waters less than 650 feet deep.   What Do Red King Crabs Eat? Red king crabs feed on a variety of organisms, including algae, worms, bivalves (e.g., clams and mussels), barnacles, fish, echinoderms (sea stars, brittle stars, sand dollars) and even other crabs.   How Do Red King Crabs Reproduce? Red king crabs reproduce sexually, with internal fertilization. Mating occurs in shallow water. Depending upon their size, females can produce between 50,000 and 500,000 eggs. During mating, males grasp the female and fertilize the eggs, which she carries on her abdominal flap for 11-12 months before they hatch. Once they hatch, the red king crab larvae look similar to shrimp.  They can swim, but are largely at the mercy of tides and currents. They go through several molts over 2-3 months and then metamorphose into a glaucothoe, which settles to the ocean bottom and metamorphoses into a crab that spends the rest of its life on the ocean bottom. As they grow, red king crabs molt, which means they lose their old shell and form a new one.  During its first year, a red king crab will molt up to five times.  These crabs are sexually mature at about 7 years old. These crabs are estimated to live up to 20-30 years.   Conservation, Human Uses, and the Famous Crab Fishery After sockeye salmon, red king crab is the most valuable fishery in Alaska.  The crab meat is eaten as crab legs (e.g., with drawn butter), sushi, or in a variety of other dishes.   Red king  crabs are caught in heavy metal pots in a fishery that is famous for its dangerous seas and weather. To read more about red king crab fishing, click here.   Deadliest Catch—a crustacean lovers favorite reality series—tells the harrowing at-sea adventures of the captains and crew on  6 boats. But there were 63 boats in the Bristol Bay red king crab fishery in 2014. These boats caught the 9 million pound quota of crab in about  four weeks. Much of that crab is shipped to Japan.   As for the U.S., it is likely the red king crab you eat isnt caught by the fishermen on the Deadliest Catch  boats. According to  FishChoice.com, in 2013, 80 percent  of the red king crab sold in the U.S. was caught in Russia.   Threats to Red King Crab Populations Although catches of red king crab are steady at the moment,  recent reports  show they are vulnerable to  ocean acidification, a lowering of the oceans pH, which makes it difficult for crabs and other organisms to form their exoskeleton.   Sources Ahyong, S. 2014.  Ã‚  (Tilesius, 1815)Paralithodes camtschaticus. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species.Alaska Department of Fish and Game.  Red King Crab  (). Accessed January 30, 2015.  Paralithodes camtschaticusAlaskan King Crab Company. How to Cook and Prepare Alaskan King Crab Legs. Accessed January 30, 2015.  Carroll, S. B. 2011. A Lesson of Genealogy: Looks Can Be Deceiving. New York Times. Accessed January 30, 2015.  Christie, L. 2012. Deadliest Catch Not So Deadly Anymore. CNN Money. Accessed January 30, 2015.NOAA FishWatch. Red King Crab.  Accessed January 30, 2015.  Soley, S. 2013.  From Ocean to Plate: The Life of the Red King Crab. EarthZine. Accessed January 30, 2015.Stevens, B. J. Adaptations of Crabs to Life in the Deep Sea. NOAA Ocean Explorer. Accessed January 30, 2015.  Welch, L.  Fish Factor: Strong 2015 forecasts for pollock, Bristol Bay salmon. Alaska Journal of Commerce. Accessed January 30, 2015.